Виды сомов

Soma – a large family, belonging to the class of catfish. Types of KGS account for about 100 species. And like any class of fish species of catfish have their characteristic features.

The catfish has no scales, instead of their body is covered with mucus. Wide mouth and a small head with a few pairs of antennae. Tail som much longer than the body and has a flattened shape. Color Som different species differs depending on habitats, but mainly from dark green to clear shades.

Soma – are predators that live in fresh water, they prefer is on the muddy bottom.

Let’s look at some of the most popular types of catfish:

Ordinary catfish also known as the European

This is a major representative of the detachment catfish. The length of its body reaches 5m and gaining weight up to 400 kg. The color of this species mostly brown with green-brown shades and a white belly.

Very rare and albino catfish.

Habitat of this species in the European part of Russia. It lives in the Aral Sea basin. Lives catfish with youth to old age in the same pit, out of her catfish only a short distance to find food. Som spring leaves pit rising above the river, where it spawns.

Sensing spring warm water catfish awaken from its winter sleep and go out of their holes in different lakes, and sometimes in the sea. During this period, wandering life catfish feed, in order to make up for their winter famine. It eats fish catfish of all types and sizes. Because of their size catfish is not capable of long-term production persecution. Therefore, catfish hunts from ambush snapped on near drifting shoals of fish, catfish jerk allows you to make it big and strong tail. Especially large catfish are not agile, so they hunt in another way. Coming ashore, they fall under the shore and lie still wide open mouth. When the small fish will approach close to the predator catfish begins to pull a water. This tightens the vortex of a huge fall of all fishes. As such bait catfish use their whiskers, similar to worms. However, because this method of feeding is not always successful, catfish feed mostly frogs and shellfish.

Other types of catfish, most often behave the same.

Catfish Soldatov

This achieves som 3 meters long and has a weight of 80 kg or more. Eat this catfish are basically the types of fish like: Karasik, carp, pike and mottled horse, and sometimes preys on birds. It hunts mostly at night. Since the autumn of this catfish begins to lead a sedentary lifestyle and are not fed during the winter. The longevity of this species for more than 30 years.

Color Soldatov catfish is similar to the color of an ordinary European catfish. However, in some species this Som abdomen darker, not white. Antennae front, mandibular, it is slightly longer back.

Meets the catfish in the Amur River basin. This type of catfish is included in the red book and is considered endangered.

Amur or Far Eastern catfish

This freshwater catfish, but escapes and brackish waters. It reaches a length of 1 meter with a weight of 6-8 kg. His head is broad, flattened. The tail gradually thickens to the body and has a small tail fin. Anal fin of this catfish is very large and extends to the caudal and dorsal very short. The lower jaw is longer than the representative Som top and has 2 pairs of barbels – one on the bottom and one on the upper jaw.

This catfish especially thermophilic. It lives in stagnant or slowly flowing water. Like other catfish – catfish that becomes sexually mature at 4 years old. The fecundity of this species is 150 thousand eggs. Catfish feeds mainly on mollusks and crabs with frogs, but not averse to try and small fish.

This type of catfish is a valuable commercial fish. It is famous for its delicious meat with an average fat content and the lack of small bones. It is the object of sport and amateur fishing.

channel catfish

This representative of the catfish is the most popular in North America. This popularity he got because of the high growth rate and high prevalence of these catfish aquaculture in America.

These species are catfish and albinos.

The length of the body of this fish a maximum of 132 centimeters, but usually no more than 57 cm with a weight of 5-9 kg. The largest instance is considered catfish caught in South Carolina in 1964, his weight was 26 kg.

The back and sides of the representative of catfish painted in dark blue tones of olive, or gray and black, and white belly. On the sides are sometimes found spots. They have four pairs of channel catfish whiskers. They are located near the corners of the mouth and nostrils, as well as 2 couples on the chin.

This type of catfish was imported into Russia in 1972 and was divorced in ponds Kuban.

By the interesting features of this type can be attributed to organs of smell and taste. nostril pits contain a special body with a high concentration of olfactory receptors. These receptors can smell some amino acids at 100 million in the water. Just in channel catfish have taste buds that are distributed throughout the body and is particularly focused on the whiskers around the mouth. These features allow him to eat catfish in the dark and murky waters.

A separate type of catfish can be attributed aquarium catfish. These catfish are peaceful and quiet small fish, but they are also predators, and this means that they will take root in the aquarium is not all.

Antsistusy

The most popular Antsistusy.

This type of aquarium catfish catfish is also called suckers. With the special structure of the mouth catfish attach themselves to the leaves and other decorative elements of the aquarium. They serve as attendants aquariums and undemanding in maintenance and care.

It feeds on this type of catfish plant food and releases the walls of the aquarium algae.

Tarakatum

For at least another popular type of aquarium catfish include Tarakatuma

These catfish centenarians, life expectancy is more than 10 years. Unpretentious to the food and get along well with other inhabitants of the aquarium. adult body length of 18 cm.

Aquarium catfish also predators

There are many species of catfish is found in the waters of lakes and seas, and small aquarium. We have reviewed the most common inhabitants of the more interesting for the examination, you can see the video

Types Som their habitat, size and age

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